At the beginning of 2025, as in previous years, the number of women continued to predominate in the total usual resident population of the country, amounting to 1,276.3 thousand women compared with 1,105.0 thousand men (53.6% women and 46.4% men), corresponding to 87 men per 100 women.

Life expectancy at birth in 2024 was 76.4 years for women and 67.6 years for men. Thus, women live on average 8.8 years longer than men.

In 2024, the average age of women at first marriage was 26.9 years, while for men it was 29.9 years. Marriages concluded before the age of 20 were more frequent in rural areas: 10.1% of marriages registered in rural areas involved women under the age of 20, compared with 3.6% of marriages among women of the same age in urban areas.

According to Labour Force Survey data, women aged 25–64 had a higher level of education compared with men of the same age. The largest difference in this age group was recorded for tertiary education: in 2024, 28.1% of women attained this level compared with 20.4% of men.

In the 2025/26 academic year, according to education statistics, boys accounted for around three quarters of students (72.9%) enrolled in vocational training programmes for skilled workers within secondary technical vocational education, while in vocational training programmes for masters, technicians and other specialists within postsecondary technical vocational education, more than half were girls (52.9%).

In postsecondary technical vocational education, boys mainly chose fields such as engineering activities, information and communication technologies, and dentistry. At the same time, girls showed preferences for fields such as nursing and midwifery, social assistance and counselling, pedagogy, hairdressing and beauty services, secretarial and office work, medicine, and textile manufacturing and processing.

Higher education recorded an even higher level of female participation compared with postsecondary technical vocational education (58.2% of total students in the 2025/26 academic year).

According to Labour Force Survey data, the share of women in the employed population aged 15 years and over was slightly higher than that of men (51.0% women and 49.0% men in 2024). The gender employment gap was 5.9 percentage points in 2024: the employment rate among women was 40.0%, compared with 45.9% among men.

In 2024, women earned on average 16.6% less than men (unadjusted gender pay gap), representing 83.4% of the average earnings of men (SDG indicator 8.5.1). In absolute terms, the gender pay gap amounted on average to about 2,548.0 lei. Thus, the average gross monthly earnings of women in 2024 amounted to 12,787.8 lei, compared with 15,335.8 lei for men.

In 2024, of the total number of managers at all levels, 55.2% were men and 44.8% were women.

According to NBS data on enterprise demography, during 2019–2023 the managers of active enterprises were predominantly men, whose share averaged 66.9%. Accordingly, the share of women among the total number of managers of active enterprises in 2023 was about one third.

Households headed by men were more optimistic about their household living standards. Thus, 16.8% of households headed by men assessed their living standards as very good or good, compared with 11.8% of households headed by women.

In 2024, the absolute poverty rate among women was 33.8%, while among men it was 33.5% (SDG indicator 1.2.1).

According to data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in 2025 the number of victims of recorded crimes amounted to 12.1 thousand persons. The share of men among the total number of victims was 54.1%, compared with 45.9% women.

As a result of domestic violence crimes registered in 2025, 843 persons suffered, of whom 69.4% were women. Both women (54.9%) and men (48.8%) who were victims of domestic violence were predominantly aged 35–64.

According to data from the National Office od Social Insurance, as of 1 January 2026, women accounted for 62.5% of the total number of pensioners (671.7 thousand). By category of pensioners, the share of women varied from 75.9% among survivors’ pension beneficiaries to 65.9% among old-age pension beneficiaries and 54.0% among disability pension beneficiaries.

As of 1 January 2026, the average pension for women was 4,082.7 lei compared with 5,013.9 lei for men. The average old-age pension for women was 4,162.0 lei compared with 4,964.3 lei for men. At the same time, the average monthly state social allowance for women amounted to 1,694.2 lei compared with 1,800.5 lei for men.

More detailed information is available in Romanian language.